陕西理工大学学报（社会科学版）

恩斯特·布洛赫基于“尚未存在”(Noch-Nicht-Sein)的存在论哲学视角，对马克思《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》进行创造性解读。他打破文本原有命题顺序，按“主题—内容”对命题重新分组，揭示出命题4的双重意义：它既是费尔巴哈异化批判的“完成式”,更是马克思颠覆旧哲学的“阿基米德点”即“劳动的人”。布洛赫据此将马克思“活动”重构为“劳动”,视其为历史生成性的主客体中介实践。这一重构不仅推动认识从费尔巴哈的“直观”跃向历史生成性的实践，为扬弃异化与实现人之本质指明路径，更将马克思哲学的核心本质定位为以实践为导向“改变世界”的“未来哲学”,其根本使命在于“改变世界”。然而，该解读的根本性问题在于“尚未存在”存在论可能导致对马克思“实践”概念发生系统性本体论偏离，即以面向未来可能性的形而上学框架，覆盖乃至消解了马克思奠基于现实社会矛盾运动的历史唯物主义。因此，对布洛赫的解读应当予以批判性审视与辩证吸收。

Ernst Bloch offered a creative interpretation of Marx's Theses on Feuerbach from the ontological perspective of “not-yet-being”(Noch-Nicht-Sein). He disrupted the original sequence of propositions within the text, and reorganized them according to the “theme-content” principle. He disrupted the original sequence of propositions within the text, and reorganized them according to an internal thematic logic. This reveals the dual significance of Thesis 4: it constitutes both the “perfect form” of Feuerbach's critique of alienation and Marx's “Archimedean point” for overturning old philosophy, namely “laboring humanity”. Based on this, Bloch reconceptualized Marx's “activity” as “labor”, viewing it as the mediating practice between subject and object in historical genesis. This reconstruction not only propelled understanding from Feuerbach's ‘intuition' toward historical-generative practice, indicating the path of overcoming alienation and realizing human essence, but also positioned the core essence of Marx's philosophy as a “philosophy of the future” that bridges philosophy and the future through practice, with its fundamental mission lying in “changing the world”. However, the fundamental issue with this interpretation lies in the ontological possibility of the “not-yet-existing”, which may lead to a systematic ontological deviation from Marx's concept of “practice”. Specifically, it risks overlaying-or even dissolving-Marx's historical materialism, grounded in the movement of real social contradictions, with a metaphysical framework oriented toward future possibilities. Therefore, the interpretation of Bloch should be critically examined and dialectically absorbed.